Don’t mix styles either, that’s a big mistake. If you’re being graded, your grader will spot it and you’ll probably lose points. Maybe you need to cite an electronic version of a book, an article, a newspaper article, or a conference talk that’s been published-these can all be in the form of a PDF.
I’m going to cover these examples in three styles in this article: MLA, APA, and Chicago 16th.īroadly speaking, you can cite a source in one of two ways in the actual prose part of your document. (Your document should also have a Reference List, Bibliography, or Works Cited in the back and the format you use is different in that section, but I’m going to give examples of those below too.) In the part of the document with your writing, you need to choose between using two styles: (1) footnotes or endnotes (aka “notes”) or (2) in-line text citations. Notes are typically a longer form that appears at the bottom of the page as numbered footnotes or at the end of the document as numbered endnotes. In-line citations, on the other hand, typically take an author-date form and appear in-line in your sentence, like this (Adichie 2021). In-line citations are mostly used in social sciences and hard sciences, while the long form is sometimes called “humanities style” because it shows up so much in those fields. MLA and Chicago have formats for giving citations in both your footnotes and endnotes or in your text as an in-line citation. If you’re using MLA or Chicago, stick to either footnotes or endnotes or in-line citations-don’t mix them. APA is for citing things in-line in your text.īibliography entries are easier: there’s only one way to do it after you choose between MLA, APA and Chicago. How to Cite a PDF in MLA Style In Your Text as an In-line Citation One word of caution: always pay close attention to what kind of punctuation you’re supposed to use in a citation and where that punctuation goes. HOW TO PROPERLY CITE SOURCES IN MLA FORMAT HOW TO HOW TO PROPERLY CITE SOURCES IN MLA FORMAT FULL.
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